自学考试“英语(一)”笔记 五十九


15. connect v. 衔接
connection n. 衔接,联络
1)the bridge connects the island with / to the mainland.(这座桥接连着这个岛屿与国内。)
2)Please connect me with Shanghai.(请给我接通上海。)
3)He doesn‘t know anything about the connection between the moon and the tides.
(他对月球与潮汐的联络一无所知。)
4)He has no connection with the criminal case.(他与那件刑事案件无关。)
16. sufficient adj 满足的,充沛的
1)The food is sufficient to feed 10 people.(这类食物满足十个人吃。)
2)Japan has a sufficient reserve of oil.(日本有充足的石油储备。)
请注意差异adequate,enough和sufficient.三个词都有“满足的”意思。enough为一般用语,有时可与adequate互换。enough常用来表明数目或程度,不适合用于表明性质、水平;而adequate 既可用于描绘数目或程度,也可用于描绘性质、水平。sufficient与enough同义,前者多用于书面语。
1)Do you have enough time?
2)His income is not adequate to his needs.
We haven‘t sufficient time to do the work.
本课介绍
心脏病在西方国家已成了健康的头号杀手,仅在英国,天天就有约400人死于心脏病。于是大家投入不少的人力、物力实行心脏手术。心脏手术无疑使无数病人获益,但过分着重对心脏病进行手术治疗则带来了三个弊病。其一是对心脏病的预防不加重视;其二是医疗成本攀升;其三是由于有现成的设施和技术,大夫们总是会给无需动手术的病人做手术。最近的医学研讨着重,大家需要对引发心脏病的原因,如重压、吸烟、短少体育运动等加以重视。日子办法与心脏病之间是有联络的,因而,大家意识到自己需要为自己的健康负责,改变饮食习惯,减轻日子重压,削减吸烟,多多运动都是预防心脏病的有用办法。预防心脏病比治疗心脏病更要紧。
本课言语点
1. One of the greatest killers1 in the Western World is heart disease.
请注意主谓一致的问题
A:one of +复数名词做主语时,后边的谓语用奇数方法:
1)One of the longest rivers in the world is in China. (世界上最长的河流之一在中国。)
2)One of the most famous circuses in East Europe is coming to China. (东欧最有名的马戏团之一以后中国。)

3)One of the most expensive cars in the parking lot belongs to Mr. Watson.(停车点里最昂贵的轿车之一是华生先生的。)

B:one of +复数名词+定语从句时,定语从句一般被看作润饰复数名词,因而从句中的谓语要用复数方法。比如:
1)This is one of the best films that have released this year. (这是今年发行的最好影片之一。)
2)Mr. Wang is one of those people who are hard to deal with. (王先生归于那种非常难交际的人。)
3)He is one of those persons who always think they are right. (他归于那些一直认为自己正确的人。)
2. The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years.
本句中的时态是目前完结进行时,由has (have) been加目前分词构成,最重要表现过去这一段时刻里一向在进行的一个动作,这个动作也可能仍然在进行,如:
1)What book have you been reading recently? (你近期在看什么书?)
2)How have you been getting on with your work? (作业进行得如何?)
3)All these years they have been contributing articles to our newspaper. (这类年来他们一向为咱们报纸写稿。)
at an alarming speed的意思是“以惊人的速度”
1)We are driving at the speed of 60 miles an hour. (咱们正以每小时60英里的速度行驶。)
2)He is running at TOP speed. (他正以最迅速度奔跑。)
3)Tom is working at it at full speed. (汤姆正在拼命地干。)
4)He found the small town changing at an astonishing speed. (他发现那个小城正以惊人的速度改变着。)
3. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease.
在英语中die of和die from都表明“死于”,这两者之间的差异在于:
die of 一般指因疾病、情感而死。如:
1)The lady died of grief after the death of her husband. (老公过世后,这位女性也因哀伤而死。)
2)In that country many children died of malnutrition2. (在那个国家,很多孩子死于营养不好的。)
3)I‘m dying of boredom3. (我烦去世了。)
4)Many sheep died of starvation in the thick snow.(很多绵羊在厚厚的积雪中饿死。)
die from 一般指死于意料之外是什么原因及不正常是什么原因。如:
1)My grandfather died from a heart attack.(我爷爷死于心脏病。)
2)She died from a traffic accident.(她死于一场交通事故。)
3)He is said to have died from working too hard till late every night.(听说他因每晚熬夜而劳累致死。)
4)The workman died from the explosion.(那位工人因产生爆炸而死。)

4. Western health-care systems are spending huge sums of money on the surgical4 treatment of the disease.

最重要咱们看一下,spend…on 和spend … in 的差异。它们一块的意思是“把…发费在…上”。
当spend 的宾语是资金时,spend on 后边接名词,spend in 后边接动名词,in 有时可省掉。
当spend 的宾语是时刻时, spend on 和 spend in 后都可接名词或动名词,接名词时意思相同;接动名词时 spend on 的含意是“把时刻花在…上”, spend in 的含意是“在…上花了时刻”。如:
1)He spends nearly one third of his monthly income (in) buying books.(他把每月薪的三分之一用来买书。)
2)She spent a great deal of money on the new car.(她花了很多钱买这辆新车。)
3)He doesn‘t spend much time on his homework.(他花在做作业上的时刻不多。)
4)She spent three hours (in )watching TV.(她看电视耗掉了三个小时。)
咱们再来看一下cosplayt,spend,pay,take的差异。
spend和pay的主语只能是人;cosplayt的主语是物。take在接时刻主语也可以是人。take和cosplayt还可以用动词不定式或动词不定式短语作真实主语,而it作方法主语。
pay的调配规模较窄,多接资金;cosplayt的调配规模非常宽,除去资金和时刻外还可以接劳力、精力、财富、健康乃至生命等。
spend 可接动名词,而cosplayt,pay,take只接动词不定式。
spend,take,pay可用于被动结构;而cosplayt不可以用于被动结构。
1)That bike cosplayt me 350 yuan. (那辆自行绣花了我350元。)
2)The work cosplayt me a lot of time and effort.(这项作业花了我不少的时刻和精力。)
3)Careless driving cosplayt him his life.(大意驾车使他丧了命。)
4)I paid him 200yuan for this painting.(我付他200元买了这幅画。)
5)They refused to pay us the money.(他们拒绝给咱们付钱。)
6)They spend all his earrings5. (他挣多少花多少。)
7)They spend a lot of money on advertising6.(他们花大笔的钱做广告。)
8)Two hours a day were spent in practising.(天天花两个小时进行练习。)
9)The work took us a week to finish.(咱们花了一星期的时刻完结这项作业。)
10)It takes him an hour to finish his homework every day.(他天天要用一小时完结作业。)
5. This emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological7 advances that have taken place in the past 10 to 15 years.
在emphasis的后边一般接介词on,常用于调配用的动词有place,put,lay等 ,如:
He places (puts,lays) great emphasis on education. 他特别着重教育的要紧。)
associate with 意思是“使…联络在一块”,“往来”。
1)We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine8 of evolution.(咱们非常自然地把达尔文的名字和进化论联络在一块。)
2)They were closely associated with each other during the war.(战争期间,他们之间联络密切。)
3)Rain fall is associated with humidity.(下雨与湿度有关。)
4)They prefer to associate with young people.(他们更喜欢与青年往来。)
6. …modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques and procedures.
请注意本句中的enable 是动词,其使用方法是 enable sb. to do sth. 在词语部分咱们已有详细解释说明,再请看两个例句:

1)His patience enabled him to make the child tell him the truth. (他的耐心使他能让那孩子对他说实话。)
2)His efficiency enabled him to finish the work a head of schedule. (他的高效率使他能提前完结这项作业。)
7.…it causes the cosplayts of general hospital care to rise.
本句中cause用作动词,cause sb. to do sth. (使或人做某事),cause sth. to happen (使某事产生),如:
1)What caused you to change your mind?(什么使你改变了主意?)
2)What caused the boat of turn over? (是什么导致翻船?)
1)His laziness caused him to fall behind others.(他的懒惰使他落在了其他人后边。)
句中的cosplayt 不是动词,而是个名词,意思是“成本、开销”。
1)The price is high because production cosplayts are very great. (价格昂贵,由于生产本钱很大。)
2)There is no way to reduce the living cosplayt.(没方法减少日子成本。)